Last modified: 2012-04-22 by ivan sache
Keywords: seine-saint-denis | montfermeil | roses: 3 (white) | grapes (red) |
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![[Flag of Montfermeil]](../images/f/fr-93-mo.gif)
Municipal flag of Montfermeil - Image by Pascal Vagnat, 5 December 2011
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The municipality of Montfermeil (24,457 inhabitants in 2008; 545 ha) is located 15 km east of Paris.
Montfermeil was mentioned for the first time in 1122, as Montefirmo,
and in 1124 as Montfermolio ("fortified mount"). In 1165, a lord Adam
founded the priory of Val Adam, signing the foundation chat as Adam of
Montfermeil.
The domain of Montfermeil was purchased in 1605 by the Protestant
Hilaire Lhoste, councillor and private secretary of King Henry IV. In
July 1611, Marie de' Medici upgraded the status of Montfermeil to a
seigniory, increasing the powers granted to Lhoste. Antoine
Pélissier, councillor and private secretary of Louis XIV purchased the domain in 1678 and started the building of a castle, which was
completed in 1695 by its next owner, Michel de Chamillard (1652-1721).
Appointed State Secretary of War (1709-1715) and protected by Madame
de Maintenon, Chamillard found the castle of Montfermeil too small
regarding his own rank and sold it to Michel Bégon.
In 1735, Jean Hyacinthe Hocquart purchased Montfermeil. In 1764, his
son Jean Hyacinthe Emmanuel, Honor Councillor at the Parliament, was
made the first Marquis of Montfermeil. In 1790, the Marquis exiled to
Toulouse and the castle was purchased by General Loison; in 1804, the
Marchioness of Montfermeil purchased back the domain, which was rented
from 1842 onwards to different people, including Prince Adam Jerzy
Czartoryski (1770-1861), President of the Provisory Government of
Poland (1830-1831), exiled in France from 1833 to his death. Abandoned
and ruined, the castle was demolished in 1928.
During the interbellum, new boroughs were created, Montfermeil being labelled "a green and happy suburbs". The population increased from 2,000 inhabitants in 1919 to more than 6,000 in 1939. In 1960, the architect Bernard Zehrfuss (1911-1996), designer of the the seat of UNESCO in Paris, designed an ambitious urbanization plan, based on the principles of the modern movement, "Space, Light, Nature". Out of the 10,000 flats planned, only 1,500 were built in Montfermeil and 1,600 in the neighboring town of Clichy-sous-Bois.
Victor Hugo (1802-1885), caught in flagrans delicto of adultery in
Paris in July 1845, was "recommended" to leave the town for a while.
Together with Juliette Drouet, he moved to Chelles, crossing
Montfermeil on their way. The Chelles mill described in one of his
poem is actually the Montfermeil mill. Of much significance, he
located in Montfermeil the inn ran by the nefarious Thénardier couple in Les Misérables. In the novel, Jean Valjean met Cosette at a well subsequently renamed the Jean Valjean Fountain.
Hugo was not the first writer inspired by Montfermeil, then a bucolic
rural village. The long forgotten but prolific writer Paul de Kock
(1793-1871, mostly remembered for the salty song Madame Arthur
popularized by Yvette Guibert) published in 1827 the novel La
laitière de Montfermeil, describing the thwarted romance between a poor milkwoman and a rich bourgeois. A vaudeville of the same name,
"imitated from the novel by M. Paul de Kock", was published the same
year by Émile, Brazier and Périn.
Source: Municipal website
Ivan Sache, 6 December 2011
The flag of Montfermeil, as seen on TV images (30 May 2006) is white with the municipal coat of arms in the middle.
The arms of Montfermeil (municipal website) are "Gules three roses argent". The shield is surmounted by a four-towered mural crown argent and surrounded by two branches of grapevine vert fructed gules tied per saltire by a scroll or.
The arms were designed in 1923 by Georges Lesueur and Frantz Funck-
Brentano (1862-1947), a noted archivist, historian and writer, who
lived in Montfermeil for 50 years. Specialized in the history of the
Bastille fortress and the related use of the lettres de cachet, he
wrote popular books on the Man in the Iron Mask, the Affair of the
Poisons and the Affair of the Diamond Necklace. He contributed to the
nationalist and monarchist history review Minerva and to Charles
Maurras' Action française. Elected member of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences in 1928, Funck-Brentano presided the Society
for Historical Studies. His son Christian Funck-Brentano (1894-1966)
was one of the founder of the daily Le Monde.
The roses are taken from the arms of the Hocquart family, documented
since 1543. The mural crown recalls the etymology of Montfermeil. The
grapevines recall that wine growing was a main activity in the town
until the 20th century.
Red and green were subsequently adopted as the colors of Montfermeil.
Pascal Vagnat & Ivan Sache, 6 December 2011