Kurdistan

Last modified: 2015-04-11 by zoltán horváth
Keywords: kurdistan | turkey | iran | iraq |
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image by Ivan Sache

• About Kurdistan and the Kurds
• Two Representative Entities

• Representative entities:
  • Kurdish Parliament in Exile
  • Kurdish Regional Government in Iraq
  • Kurdistan - President
  • Kurdish National Congress
• Political parties and entities:
  • In Turkish Kurdistan:
  • Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
    • National Liberation Army of Kurdistan (ERNK)
    • People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan (ARGK)
    • Liberation Units of Kurdistan (HRK)
    • Komkar
    • Pro-Turkey Kurdish Militia
  • In Iraqi Kurdistan:
    • Kurdistan Democratic Party
    • Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
    • Rizgary Party of Kurdisten
    • Kurdistan Islamic Komal
    • Kurdish Social Democratic Party
    • Socialist Party of Kurdistan (PSK)
    • Kurdistan Communities of Women
  • In Iran:
    • Kurdistan Freedom Party (PAK)
• Historical Flags
  • Mahabad Republic (Iran, January-December 1946)
  • Short-Lived Independent Kurdish States
• Unidentified Kurdish Flags
• Countries Over Which Kurdistan Spreads
  • Iraq
  • Iran
  • Turkey
  • Syria

About Kurdistan and the Kurds

The Kurds are the largest national group without a nation state. Since the First World War, they have enjoyed three brief periods of geographically-limited near-nationhood, but their own disunity has often hindered progress. More importantly the existing regional powers have found Kurdish nationhood threatening, and major powers like the United States have shared that perspective.
Most of Kurdistan is now divided between Turkey, Iran and Iraq, and all three countries have experienced numerous Kurdish insurgencies since 1920. Smaller pockets lie in Syria, Armenia and Azerbaijan. There are major communities of refugees throughout western Europe and the United States. Kurdistan divides into two general socio-linguistic regions at the Greater Zab River near the Iraqi-Turkish border:
(1) Northern Kurdistan is the Kurmanji-speaking region which mostly lies in Turkey (most of eastern Anatolia). Since the 1980s, one of the PKK-related flags has emerged as the principal flag representing Kurmanji Kurdistan.
(2) Southern Kurdistan is mostly Sorani-speaking and lies principally in Iraq (north) and Iran (northwest). Also since the 1980s another flag seems to have emerged as the most widely used for that region.
There is no central authority to legislate flags for Kurdistan, and until very recently most Kurds did not seem interested in any precision about flags. I have some friends who were very close to government officials of the former Mahabad Republic, and they insisted 15 years ago that there was no Kurdish flag. They were surprised when I presented historical evidence to the contrary.
T. F. Mills, 27 September 1997

Two Representative Entities

Similarly, there are two entities which claim to officially represent the Kurds:

• The Kurdish Parliament in Exile (Brussels, Belgium), mainly dominated by the PKK.
• The Kurdistan Regional Government in Iraq and the National Assembly of Kurdistan (Arbil, Iraq), mainly dominated by the other Kurdish parties.

Ivan Sache, 19 November 1999

Pro-Turkey Kurdish Militia

image by Jaume Ollé Casals, 01 Jul 2012

I saw the flag of the kurdish militia that foght togheter the Turkish army against PKK on the Catalan TV channel TV3 on 21 February 1999, in a report about the conflict in Eastern Turkey.
Jaume Ollé Casals, 01 July 2012