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Ukraine - Historical Flag - Hetmanete Flags (1918)

Overview
Standart of the Hetman of Ukraine, Don Host and Kuban Host
Presonal Standart of the Hetman
Hetman Standart on Land
Hetman Standart on Sea
Hetman Standart as Fleet Admiral
Hetmans Representatives in Crimea, Kuban and Orient
Standart of the Male Members of the Hetman Family Bearing Title of Admiral General
Hetman's Wife
Prince of the Hetmna's Family
Princess of the Hetman's Family

See also:

Overview

All this flags are constructed according to specifications from Lucien Philippe. I will comment about the diferences with the ones from Montells/Romanischin.
Jaume Olle, 31 August 2001

Generically speaking, a Hetmanate was a Cossack realm under the authority of a Hetman, who was the head of state, commander in chief of the Cossack army, and head of the entire administrative, judicial, and military apparatus (see <www.uanews.tv>).
However, in post-WWI terms it was a German-backed Ukrainian state, according to <www.buckyogi.addr.com>:
"The Ukraine declared itself autonomous in November of 1917, and declared its independence in January of 1918 after invasion by the Red Army. The UNR [Ukrainian National Republic] was unstable, and had great difficulty in maintaining the territory it claimed against intrusion by Bolshevik, White Russian, and Cossack factions. Its problems were magnified when a German-backed government called the Hetmanate claimed control of the Ukraine in April, 1918. The population's disgust with this continued chaos led to the uprising of the anarchist Greens. The UNR managed to finally suppress the Hetmanate in December of 1918, and annexed West Ukraine the following month, triggering war with the new state of Poland, which pushed back Ukrainian forces and annexed the region in June of 1919. These continuing pressures forced the collapse of the UNR, which fell to Bolshevik forces in the summer of 1920."
The term Hetman might derive from German "Hauptmann" or (field) captain (*not* general), at least that is what <www.geocities.com/unavy/aUNRnavy.html> -which also contains some flag-related information (in a questionable English...) says:
"Ukrainian Navy during Hetmanate 1918 - Remarkably 29th of April was also the day when a coup-d'etat occurred against UNR and Hetmanate (Monarchy) was proclaimed. Hetmanate was the term used by the Cossacks meaning generalship (hetman - haupt man in Ger. - general). Pavlo Skoropadsky was proclaimed to be the hetman and with the support of the German Armies as his allies became the ruller of Ukraine. This caused the "Hit Corps" to be recalled from Crimea, which was overrun by the German troops. With communications lost with Kiev, vice-admiral Sablin with some ships retreived to Novorossijsk, while other ships had changed their flags again to fly the Imperial Kaisers banner. Only after the communications were re-established, the navy was handed over to the Hetman. During the reign of hetman Skoropadsky a lot was done for navy. The newly established Ministry of Naval Affairs developed a series of laws regulating the uniform, ranks, flags and other symbols. At the same time officers manuals were being translated into Ukrainian and other instructions. For the first time since Ukrainian Independence names of the ships were changed from Russian to Ukrainian. Towards November 1918, Hetmanate also received Mozyrsk (Pinks) flotilla which also used to be in the hands of the Germans. Because of German losses in the war, they began to withdraw from Crimea and their place was soon replaced by the ships of Antate. Since Hetman Ukraine was supporter of the Triple Alliance, the Antante considered them as possible enemies they occupied the ships and started to divide them among themselves as war trophies and transferred some of the ships to Istanbul."
Santiago Dotor, 12 May 2003