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Baranya County (Hungary)

Baranya megye

Last modified: 2014-11-08 by zoltán horváth
Keywords: hungary | baranya | baranja | baranya-baja republic | baja | backa |
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image by Mello Luchtenberg, 9 April 2001



See also:

Municipalities (301 settlements, including 13 towns and 1 city):

City (not part of the county):

Towns:


Overview

Res. No.6/1991.(V.31.) of the County about its symbols at <www.bmonk.pecs.hu>. The inscription is in gold (10th paragraph).
Istvan Molnar, 9 April 2001

The Coat of Arms of Baranya county (Comitatus Baraniensis) was granted by King Leopold in 1694. The seal was renewed by King Ferdinand in 1838 and the inscription became Hungarian. Like Fejer county. The shield was silver originally. The L and I letters on the small silver shield relate to the King Leopold and King Joseph (Habsburg). The tower relates to the border [between Hungary and Croatia or Sclavonia?]. The two people on the tower is from the Bible (in Hungarian "Jozsue es
Kaleb")
The territory of Baranya before the Treaty of Trianon (1920) was 5.177 km2. The treaty is divided it. 1.136 km2 got to Yugoslavia (now Croatia), 4.0412 stayed in Hungary.
Source: Hoppal Dezso: A tortenelmi Magyarorszag varmegyeinek cimerei, Bp. 2001 (The Coat of Arms of the counties of the historical Hungary)
Istvan Molnar, 9 April 2001

I am not sure to what border the tower might relate. It may be as Istvan suggested the border of Hungary with Croatia and Slavonia. It was the Croatian king Tomislav that "pushed out" the Hungarians "over the Drava river" (Drava running along the whole south edge of historical Baranya) in early 10th century, and the border on Drava was then established as the border among the two nations. However, in the time when the CoA was granted the two nations were under the same rule and this then already historical border was maybe not so important. In 17th century the border was that one against the Turk (Ottoman) empire. Still it took almost a hunderd years after the king Leopold granted the arms that the Slavonia to the south was librated from Turks...
Regarding the two human figures, I believe that they are called in English Joshua (renambed by Moses to Jehoshua) and Caleb. The story is probably well known (Numbers 13:1 throgh 13:20), but in short when the tribes of Israel lead by Moses rewached the Paran wilderness, Moses sent the two as spies in the land of Kanaan. They returned with the stories of the rich country (of milk and honey) but well defended. The standard picturing of the return of the two is with the vine grape so big that it had to be held by the two. This exact sceene is also shown in the Baranya Coat of Arms, I guess in reference to the richness of this region, comparable to Biblical Land-of-Milk-and-Honey.
Željko Heimer, 10 April 2001

In 1694 (when King Leopold granted this Coat of Arms) the whole territory of Croatia and Slavonia was liberated. The most of Hungary, northern Serbia, western Bosnia was under Habsburg military occupation. The Treaty of Karlowitz (1699) joined the territory of Croatia, Slavonia, Hungary (without the Temeskoz - territory between the Tisza, Maros/Mures and Transylvania) and Transylvania to the Habsburg empire. Maybe, the tower relate to the Hungarian-Turkish (new) border.
Istvan Molnar, 10 April 2001


Flag in Use


image by Istvan Molnar, 27 August 2001

Flying flag at the Conquest Statue, Opusztaszer NHP. Ratio: 3:1. The width of the Coat of Arms is the 1/3 of the width of the flag. The Coat of Arms is on the 1/3 of the flag's height. The inscription is gold
Istvan Molnar, 27 August 2001


Coat of Arms


image by Istvan Molnar, 17 April 2001


Baranya (HU) - Baranja (HR)

Geographically, it goes for the same traditional region, which was afterr WW I divided between Croatia (soon to merge into Yugoslavian Kingdom) and Hungary. Baranya is
Hungarian spelling , while Baranja is Croatian spelling. There are actually counties in both countries using that name - Baranya Megye in HU, and Osjecko-baranjska zupanija in HR (to use their local names).
Željko Heimer, 22 September 1999

The souther part of histrical Baranya county was included after the World War I in what became latter known as Yugoslavia, and consquently in Croatia. The current Croatian County of Osijek and Baranja gears the connection in the name, but also inthe flag - the tower characteristic for the Baranya coat of arms is set above the Osijek bridge in the County coat of
arms.
Željko Heimer, 9 April 2001


Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic

Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic (Српско-мађарска република Барања-Баја, Baranya-Bajai Szerb-Magyar Köztársaság) - August 14, 1921 - August 25, 1921.
"The Serb-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic was a short-lived, Soviet-oriented mini-state, proclaimed in Pecs on August 14, 1921, on occupied Hungarian territory during the peacemaking aftermath of the first World War, tolerated and fostered by the newly-proclaimed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Its territory included the geographical region of Baranya and the northern part of Backa region.
After the military defeat of Austria-Hungary in October 1918, the territory of Baranya came under control of the Serbian army and was administered by a people's administration from Novi Sad. Since the defeat of Bela Kun's Hungarian Soviet Republic in summer 1919, many communist dissidents from Budapest, escaping from the "white terror" of admiral Horthy, emigrated to Baranya, where Bela Linder, mayor of Pecs, gave them refuge.
The peace conference in Paris assigned Baranya to Horthy's Hungary and news about this decision were followed by general strike and mass demonstrations in Pecs against the decision, which culminated in Great People's Assembly on August 14, where in front of 30,000 people painter Petar Dobrovic suggested the formation of independent republic that would include region of Baranya and northern part of Backa around Baja. Since his suggestion was accepted by the people, Petar Dobrovic became president of executive committee of the new Republic.
However, the authorities of the new republic did not manage to gain international recognition of their independence, and since the republic was under protection of the Serbian army, after withdrawal of this army from Baranya, Horthy's forces entered into region and put an end to the Republic.
On August 21-25, 1921, the territory claimed by the Republic was divided between Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (the later Yugoslavia; notably the part that today is part of the republic of Croatia), as was previously decided by the Treaty of Trianon of 1920.
Most of the inhabitants of the republic were ethnic Hungarians, while other ethnic groups that lived in the area included Serbs, Croats, Sokci, Bunjevci, Germans, Jews, Romanis, Banat Romanians, Germans, Slovaks and others.
The President of the Executive Committee (14 - 25 August 1921), i.e. president of the republic, was Petar Dobrovic (1890 - 1942), an ethnic Serb (Hungarian-born) and noted artist (painter)." (wikipedia)
The Czech, Hungarian and Italian wikipedias present the Serbian flag (plain) as the flag of this republic. There is a site on the net - 'Balkanforum' (in German language) which also shows the Serbian tricolor for Baranya-Baja Republic.
Ben Cahoon' s 'Worldstatesmen' site has it in the Hungarian colors, for a change of palette.
I've two small and grainy photograph of the mass rallies in Pecs after the proclamation of the republic, but it is impossible to see the flags in them.
It is also possible the republic used the plain red flag, just like the one of the Hungarian Soviets, considering its ideological orientation.
Chrystian Kretowicz, 23 September 2009

If I understand the map at the above site correctly, the BBR was proclaimed on territory of north Baranya and Baja - while parts that latter became parts of Croatia (southerm Baranya) and Vojvodina/Serba (Bacska) were not parts of BBR - they were, I believe under Serbian military authorities. I.e. BBR was proclaimed only in parts that are currently in Hungary.
I guess it was a confusing 11 days, various flag may have been flown by whoever wished what so probably both Serb tricolour and plain red flag might have been seen. However, neither of the two is not necessary the flag of BBR. We should try to find any evidence of actual adoption of some kind of flag, if there was one, or any other example of use of any flag in a official capacity to be able to "proclaim" any flag as the flag of the short lived Republic.
Željko Heimer, 23 September 2009

Even, as they say, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes authorities were supportive of the idea of BBR, I cannot imagine the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Army having any desire to relinquish the southern territory (Bacska and part of Banat) assigned to them earlier in Trianon.
Chrystian Kretowicz, 23 September 2009