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Dictionary of Vexillology: B (Base - Bayeux Tapestry)

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BASE
BASE FLAG
BATHING FLAG (or PENNANT)
BATTALION RING
BATTLE BANNER
BATTLE COLOR (or COLOUR)
BATTLE EFFICIENCY PENNANT
BATTLE ENSIGN(S)
BATTLE FLAG
BATTLE HONOUR (or HONOR)
BATTLE STANDARD
BATTLE STREAMER
BATTLED (or BATTELLY)
BAUCANS (or BAUCCEDILLIAN)
BAUCEANT (BAUCEANS, BAUCENT or BEUCENNUS)
BAYEUX TAPESTRY

BASE

1) In heraldry a term for the lower section of a shield or banner of arms, which heraldic use frequently suggests should occupy roughly one-third of the total depth of that shield or flag - a Champagne (see also ‘banner 1)’, ‘coat of arms’, ‘field’, ‘pointed’ and ‘shield’).

2) In vexillology an alternative name for the bottom edge of a flag.

BASE FLAG

In US Air Force usage, a post flag (see also ‘post flag 1)’).

BATHING FLAG (or PENNANT)

See ‘beach flag’.

Safe Bathing, Bathing with Caution and No Bathing Flags, Spain (fotw)

BATTALION RING

A term for a metal band sometimes placed on the staff of a military or national colour (usually below the lower edge of the flag), and showing the battalion and regiment to which it belonged – a ring (see also ‘battle honour’, ’colour 2)’ and ‘staff 2)’.

Please note that as far as can be determined, this was a custom formerly in the US Army (but still in use in the US Marine Corps) and also in some European forces. ^{see supplemental note}

BATTLE BANNER

A generic term for those flags having heraldic (or armorial) symbolism that were carried into battle during the medieval period (see also ‘banner 1)’, ‘banneret 2)’, ‘battle standard’, ‘livery colours’, ‘lance pennon 1)’, ‘pennoncelle’ ‘pennoncier’ and ‘standard 3)’).

Lance Pennon of Sir Robert Knolles. Knight Banneret c1360; England; Heraldic Standard of King Richard III 1483 – 1485, England (fotw)

BATTLE COLOR (or COLOUR)

In US usage, the organizational colour of a combatant Marine Corps unit or of the Corps as a whole when carried by dismounted troops (see also ‘branch of service flag’).

Battle Colour of the Marine Corps, US (Sea Flags)

BATTLE EFFICIENCY PENNANT

In US naval usage, a triangular pennant that is flown (from the foremast) to indicate that the vessel has achieved superior performance in an operational environment – an E pennant or meatball (see also ‘award flag’).

Battle Efficiency and Special Battle Efficiency Pennants. USN

BATTLE ENSIGN(S)

In RN/USN usage and in some others, one or more large naval ensigns flown from the yardarms of a warship prior to commencing - and during - a surface engagement at sea (see also ‘naval ensign’ under ‘ensign’, ‘garrison flag’ and ‘yardarm’).

Warship of the USN flying a Battle Ensign

Notes
a) A warship raises additional large-sized ensigns prior to an engagement at sea for added identification and in case one or more are shot away - see ‘strike’.
b) Dominion/Commonwealth navies (such as those of Australia and Canada) which formerly fought under the British white ensign are known to have (sometimes) flown their respective national flags as an additional battle ensign.

BATTLE FLAG

1) A flag (either official or unofficial) that is specifically intended for use in battle – either to avoid confusion with the flag of an enemy or to convey a patriotic sentiment – and used in addition to or instead of military colours (see also ‘colour 2)’, ‘colours 2)’, ‘Southern Cross 2)’) and ‘stainless banner’.

2) In US naval usage, an unofficial flag, sometimes marked with stars to recall the number of times a particular vessel has been in combat, and flown from the yardarm when entering or leaving port, completing underway refuelling, parting company with other ships, or similar occasions – a house flag or unrep flag (see also ‘yardarm’).

3) In US naval usage now obsolete, an unofficial flag which, defaced by a number of varying symbols, was used by submarines to signify that the boat flying it had successfully engaged an enemy – but see ‘jolly roger 2)’ (also ‘deface’).

4)In some Central and East European usage (e.g. the Romanian Drapel de lupta literally meaning battle flag) - an alternative term for an army flag or a military colour – but see ‘colour 2)’ (also ‘war flag 2)’)

Battle Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia, CSA 1861 – 1865 (fotw); Battle/House Flag of USS Harry S Truman, US (sea flags); Battle Flag of USS Jack 1944, US (sea flags); Battle Flag of Georgia (fotw)

Please note with regard to 2), that these flags have no standard pattern, official existence or meaning, but are designed and used by individual ship’s companies to express pride in their vessels, that their use has become traditional in the US Navy, that US and that other naval forces have official naval code signals to order and conduct operations such as underway replenishment (with these unofficial flags being hoisted in addition).

BATTLE HONOUR (or HONOR)

A mark of distinction, usually including the name of a battle or campaign, added to a regimental or other unit colour to show that unit’s military service. This may take the form of an inscription within a ribbon scroll applied to the field of the colour, or a metal band (or bands) around the staff, or a metal clip attached to a streamer, or to the streamer itself – a battle streamer or honorary distinction (see also ‘battalion ring’, ‘colour 2)’, ‘ferrule’, ‘staff 2)’ ‘streamer 1)’ and ‘streamer retaining ring’, and compare with ‘augmentation of honour’).

Regimental Colour , 1st Battalion The Gloucestershire Regiment, UK c1952 showing (uniquely) both ribbon scrolls and a streamer (Klaus-Michael Schneider)

Please note however, that in many navies ships show their battle honours on a carved board or similar on ceremonial occasions, or when the ship is open to visitors rather than on a unit flag.

BATTLE STANDARD

A term, now obsolete, for the Scottish heraldic standard as carried in battle, and there are indications that it was the smallest of three sizes (see also ‘heraldic standard’, ‘pageant standard’, ‘pinsel’ and ‘great standard’).

Standard of the Laird of Clan Barclay (The Flag Center)

BATTLED (or BATTELLY)

See ‘embattled’.

Flag of Miren, Slovenia (fotw)

BATTLE STREAMER

See ‘battle honour’.

Battle Streamer Awarded for the Liberation and Defence of Kuwait 17 January - 11 April 1991, US (fotw)

BAUCANS (or BAUCCEDILLIAN)

A 13th Century term, now obsolete, for the plain red streamer flown from a ship’s masthead (in northern European waters) to signify that ‘no quarter would be given’, and the size according to record was 30 yards (24.45m) long by 2 yards (1.82m) wide (see also ‘flag of defiance’ and ‘streamer 2)’).

Notes:
a) This flag first appears in records of the 1290s, and is considered to have been a direct ancestor of the later flag of defiance.
b) "No quarter would be given" indicates that surrender would not be accepted and all prisoners killed.

BAUCEANT (BAUCEANS, BAUCENT or BEUCENNUS)

A medieval term for the black and white banner of the Knights Templar – the balzaus (see also balcanifer’ and ‘rounded cross’).

Two Conjectural Images of the Bauceant (fotw)

BAYEUX TAPESTRY

An 11th Century wall hanging that records the Norman invasion of English in 1066, and considered to be a primary source of pre-heraldic symbolism (see also ‘pallia’, ‘pre-heraldic’ and ‘raven flag’),

Fragment of the Tapestry (Wikipedia); One interpretation of the Pallia given to William of Normandy in 1066 as shown in that Tapestry (fotw)

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