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Dictionary of Vexillology: S (Statant - Stumpmast)

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STATANT
STATE ARMS (or COAT OF ARMS)
STATE COLOURS (or COLORS)
STATE EMBLEM
STATE ENSIGN
STATE FLAG
STATE MILITARY CREST
STATE SEAL
STATE SERVICE FLAG
STATE SYMBOLS
STAYED MAST
STELLA
STEPPED
STEPPED FLY
STEPPED GONFALON
STICKPIN (or STICK PIN) FLAG
STONED
STORM FLAG (or ENSIGN)
STORM WARNING FLAG (or PENNANT)
STREAMER
STREAMER RETAINING RING
STRIKE (A FLAG)
STRINGED
STRIPE(S)
STRIPED
STUMPMAST (or STUMP MAST)

STATANT

See ‘Appendix V’.

Flag of Hammerfest, Norway (fotw)

STATE ARMS (or COAT OF ARMS)

See under ‘arms’.

National Arms of Australia (ICH); Arms of The State of South Australia (ICH)

STATE COLOURS (or COLORS)

1) See ‘national colours’.

2) A special mark of distinction carried by some foot regiments of the British Brigade of Guards – but see ‘second colour’ (also 'colour 2)', ‘colours 2)’ and ‘royal standard 3)’).

3) The colours selected by a sub-national entity – particularly if the entity is called a “state” - as representative of that entity - landesfarben (see also ‘livery colours’, ‘state flag 2)’ and ‘sub-national flag’).

4) In US military usage a term, now obsolete, for one of the colours carried by a unit of state militia or volunteers (usually when mustered into federal service) as the second colour along with a national colour of the same design as that used by regiments of the regular army.

STATE EMBLEM

See ‘emblem state, or national or royal’ under ‘emblem’.

State Emblem of Turkmenistan (fotw); State/National Emblem of North Korea (fotw)

STATE ENSIGN

1) See ‘government ensign’ under 'ensign'.

2) A term used to denote that flag flown on vessels operated by the government agencies of a sub national entity – but see ‘admiralty flag 2)’ (also ‘state flag 2)’) .

State/Government Ensign of Belgium (fotw); State Ensign of Hamburg, Germany (fotw)

STATE FLAG

1) A variant of the national flag (or occasionally a completely different design) which is restricted by law or custom (theoretically or actually) to use by a country's government, and can often differ from the national flag by the addition of a coat of arms or emblem – the government flag or federal service flag (see also ‘civil flag’, ‘coat of arms’, ‘emblem, national’ and ‘national flag’, together with ‘government ensign’ and ‘naval ensign’ listed under ‘ensign’).

2) The flag of a territorial sub-division within a country, especially when that subdivision is called a “state”. To avoid confusion with 1) however, such a flag should normally be more precisely referred to as “the flag of the state of” (see also ‘anti-heraldry’, ‘military crest’, ‘seal’, ‘state arms 3)’ under ‘arms’, ‘state colours 3)’ ‘state ensign 2)’ ‘state service flag’ and ‘sub-national flag’).

From left: State Flag of Lithuania (fotw); Federal Service Flag of Austria (fotw); State Flag of Peru (fotw); Flag of the State of Tennessee, US (Graham Bartram)

STATE MILITARY CREST

See ‘military crest’.

State Military Crest of Nebraska, US (fotw)

STATE SEAL

1) See ‘seal of the state of’.
2) See ‘seal’.

Seal of the State of Utah, US (fotw); State Seal of the Northern Mariana Islands (fotw)

STATE SERVICE FLAG

1) A term describing those flags of particularly (but not exclusively) German or Austrian states - or Länder - that are intended for official as opposed to civil use (see also ‘ceremonial flag 1)’, ‘official flag 2)’, ‘state flag 2)’ and ‘sub-national flag’ with following notes).
2) See ‘federal service flag’.

From left: The State Service Flag of Saxony; The Civil Flag of Saxony, Germany; The State Service Flag of Styria; The Civil Flag of Styria, Austria (fotw)

STATE SYMBOLS

1) See ‘national symbols’.

2) Those things, often established by law, which have been adopted as being symbolic of a sub-national entity particularly when that entity is called a state, these may include the flag of the state, and the state coat of arms or emblem, the state colours and possibly a motto, a plant, an animal and/or a bird etc (see also ‘national symbols’).

Some Symbols of the State of New Mexico, US: Flag of the State, State Colours, State Seal. State Bird - Road Runner, State Flower – Yucca (fotw, Official Website and CS)

STAYED MAST

A heavy high mast supported by means of stay cables. Stayed masts are often erected at sea training establishments with proper main and top yards for seamanship training purposes or at yacht clubs, and are fitted with a main yard gaff for the hoisting of an ensign (see also ‘ensign’, ‘gaff’, ‘peak’, ‘sailor’s mast’ and ‘yard’).

STELLA

The Latin/Italian for star and occasionally seen in place of that term – see ‘star 1)’.

STEPPED

The term used when the diagonal dividing line on a shield, banner of arms or a flag is created by a series of step-like indentations (see also ‘dancetty’, ‘serrated 1)’, ‘stepped fly’ and ‘stepped gonfalon’).

Flag and Arms of Donja Stubica, Croatia (fotw); Flag of St Gingolph, Switzerland (fotw)

STEPPED FLY

1) (adj) A term for the type of flag, now largely (if not wholly) obsolete, whose fly is extended by a rectangular projection (smaller in width and of varying length) centred on the horizontal meridian of the flag (see also ‘engrailed fly’, ‘fly 1)’, ‘meridian’, ‘stepped’, ‘schwenkel’, ‘stepped’ and ‘tails’).

2) See ‘stepped gonfalon’ below.

A selection of 19th Century US House Flags (CS)

Notes
a) This was not considered an established term and had been introduced by the Editors as no (accurately descriptive) established alternative could then be found, however, since that time the Italian term “gonfaloni scalinati” has been discovered and is accordingly defined below.
b) At the time of writing it is unclear as to whether the flag having a straight-sided but angled fly (as illustrated below) should be considered as “engrailed” or “stepped” – see ‘engrailed fly’.

Flag of Betxi, Spain (Jose Antonio Jimenez Ruiz)

STEPPED GONFALON

(adj) The term (and a direct translation of the Italian “gonfaloni scalinati”) that may be used to describe those gonfalons whose fly forms a series of steps as in the examples given below (see also ‘gonfalon’ and ‘stepped’ ).

Asymmetric Right (or Dexter) Stepped; Asymmetric Left (or Sinister) Stepped; Symmetrical Outwardly Stepped; Symmetrical Inwardly Stepped

STICKPIN (or STICK PIN) FLAG

See ‘lapel flag 1)’.

Stickpin flag (worldflags4u)

STONED

See ‘gemmed 1)’.

Flag of Villarsel-le-Gibloux, Switzerland (fotw)

STORM FLAG (or ENSIGN)

1) Specifically, in US military usage, the smallest size of national flag flown at army and marine corps posts - 5 feet (1.5 m) wide by 9 feet 6 inches (2.9 m) long, or half as wide and half as long as a marine corps post flag (see also ‘garrison flag’ and ‘post flag’).

2) Generally, a smaller size of flag than that laid down for general use, and meant to be flown in stormy weather.

3) See ‘storm warning flag’ below.

STORM WARNING FLAG (or PENNANT)

In US and some other usage, one of a system of flags and pennants used to warn mariners of severe weather in the area - a weather of weather warning flag (see also ‘beach flag’).

US Coast Guard Storm Warning Flag and Storm Warning Pennant

STREAMER

1) A long narrow ribbon attached to a flag’s staff, such as those upon which battle honours are inscribed (see also ‘award streamer’, ‘banderole’, ‘battle honour’ and ‘streamer retaining ring’).

2) The term for a long narrow flag or pennant, now obsolete, usually (but not invariably) showing livery colours, often stiffened with a frame and flown from a vessel for reasons of bravado or as decoration – sometimes (inaccurately) called a gonfalon (see also ‘ancient 2)’, ‘deck flags’, ‘frame 2)’, ‘livery colours’, ‘masthead pennant 2)’, ‘merchant pendant’, ‘pavisade’, ‘pennant 2)’ and ‘postures’.
3) See ‘wimpel’.

Please note with regard to 2) that streamers supplied to the Henry Grace a Dieu (flagship of the English royal fleet) in 1514 are recorded as having ranged between 15 and 51 yards (13.5m and 46m) long.

The Henri Grace a Dieu, The Peter and The Salamander, English Royal Navy c1525 (Wiki)

STREAMER RETAINING RING

An often decorative, ridged band sometimes fitted to the staff of a military colour below the finial, and from which battle streamers are suspended (see also ‘battle honour, ‘colour 2)’, ‘staff 2)’ and ‘streamer 1)’).

STRIKE (A FLAG)

(v) A largely nautical term meaning to lower or haul down a flag, particularly (but not exclusively) as a sign of surrender (see also ‘battle ensign(s)’ and ‘nail one’s colours to the mast’).

STRINGED

In heraldry a term used when the strings of a bow or of a musical instrument, or the tapes that hang below a prelate’s mitre, particularly when these are of a different tincture (see also ‘crozier’, ‘mitre’ and ‘tincture’).

National Arms of Ireland (fotw); Flag of Cornellà del Terri, Spain (fotw); Arms of Gandra, Portugal (fotw); Flag and Arms of Bustos, Troviscal e Mamarrosa, Portugal (fotw)

STRIPE(S)

A band or bands of colour – whether disposed vertically, horizontally or diagonally – which generally reach one or more edges of a flag, but which do not cover the whole area – see ‘striped’ (also ‘appendix IX’, ‘bar’, ‘bend’, ‘converging stripes’, ‘expanding stripe(s)’, ‘fess’, ‘multi-stripe’, ‘pale’, ‘triband’, ‘tricolour’ and ‘bicolour’).

National Flag of Zambia (fotw); National Flag of Gabon (fotw); National Flag of Mauritius (fotw); Flag of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (fotw)

Please note that the most common heraldic terms used in describing the stripe on a shield or banner of arms are listed separately and/or in Appendix VI, however, it is suggested that suitable a glossary or heraldic dictionary be consulted for further details.

STRIPED

The term used to describe a flag having more than two parallel bands of colour – whether disposed vertically, horizontally or diagonally – but see ‘appendix IX’, ‘converging stripes’, ‘expanding stripe(s)’, ‘multi-stripe’, ‘stripe’, ‘triband’, and ‘tricolourtricolour ’ (also ‘bicolour’).

Civil Flag of Belgium (fotw); National Flag of Germany (fotw); National Flag of Uganda (fotw); Flag of Berne, Switzerland (fotw)

STUMPMAST (or STUMP MAST)

A truncated mast (see also ‘flying line’, and ‘mast 1)’).

Please note that a stumpmast with a fixed yard at the truck giving it a T-shape is common right forward in the bows of those bulk cargo carrying vessels plying the inland waterways of Europe so as to allow for passing under bridges and other overhead obstructions. The taller of this type of mast is also often hinged for lowering to deck level for the same purpose (see also 'truck' and 'yard').

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